Bihar
State• East India
Capital
Patna
Formation Date
22 March 1912
Statehood
26 January 1950
Emblem of Bihar
Population
10.41 Cr
2011 census
Area
94,163 km²
Districts
38
Lok Sabha Seats
40
Rajya Sabha Seats
16
Assembly Seats
243
Legislative Council
75
About Bihar
Bihar was separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1912; Bihar and Orissa were separated in 1936; Jharkhand was carved out in 2000.
- Official Language
- Hindi
- Additional Language
- Urdu, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Angika
- Region
- East India
- Zone
- East
- Time Zone
- Asia/Kolkata
Current Leadership
(4)SC
L(
Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd.)
Governor
Since 14 Mar 2026
VS
Vijay Kumar Sinha
Deputy Chief Minister
BJPPA
Pratyaya Amrit
Chief Secretary
State Symbols
Animal
Gaur
Bird
House Sparrow
Flower
Marigold
Tree
Peepal
Legislative Strength
40
Lok Sabha Seats
16
Rajya Sabha Seats
243
Assembly Seats
75
Legislative Council Seats
Party-wise Strength (Assembly)
(243 seats)Loading chart…
243
Seats held
- Bharatiya Janata Party8936.6%
- Janata Dal (United)8535.0%
- Rashtriya Janata Dal2510.3%
- Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)197.8%
- Indian National Congress62.5%
- Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)52.1%
- All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen52.1%
- Rashtriya Lok Morcha41.6%
- CPI(ML) Liberation20.8%
- Communist Party of India (Marxist)10.4%
- Bahujan Samaj Party10.4%
- Indian Inclusive Party10.4%
Majority mark 122Government strength 202
Major Political Parties
(12)
BJP
89 MLAs
JD(U)
JD(U)
85 MLAs
RJD
25 MLAs
LJP
LJP
19 MLAs
INC
6 MLAs
HAM(S)
HAM(S)
5 MLAs
AIMIM
AIMIM
5 MLAs
RLM
RLM
4 MLAs
CL
CL
2 MLAs
CPI
CPI
1 MLA
BSP
BSP
1 MLA
IIP
IIP
1 MLA
Demographics
10.41 Cr
Population
61.8%
Literacy Rate
1.18 Cr
Urban Population
9.23 Cr
Rural Population
Key Facts
- State Day22 March
- Time ZoneAsia/Kolkata
Lok Sabha Strength
(40 seats)Loading chart…
39
Seats held
- Bharatiya Janata Party1230.8%
- Janata Dal (United)1230.8%
- Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)512.8%
- Rashtriya Janata Dal410.3%
- Indian National Congress37.7%
- Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)12.6%
- Independent12.6%
- Rashtriya Lok Morcha12.6%
Legislature
Bihar Legislative Assembly
- Current term
- 1 Dec 2025 – 30 Nov 2030
- Last election
- 2025
- Next expected
- 2030
- Majority mark
- 122
- Government strength
- 202
- Opposition strength
- 35
- Reserved (SC / ST)
- — / —
Bihar Legislative Council
- Seats
- 75
Lok Sabha
- Seats
- 40
- Last election
- 2024
Rajya Sabha
- Seats
- 16
- House type
- Permanent House
- Member term
- 6 years
Bihar Assembly Election 2025 — Result
(243 seats)Government formed by
NDA
202 of 243 seats
Counting
14 Nov 2025
Polled 6 Nov 2025, 11 Nov 2025
| Party | Seats | Share of house |
|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP | 8937% | |
| Janata Dal (United)JD(U) | 8535% | |
| Rashtriya Janata DalRJD | 2510% | |
| Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)LJP (RV) | 198% | |
| Indian National CongressINC | 62% | |
| Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)HAM(S) | 52% | |
| AIMIM | 52% | |
| Rashtriya Lok Morcha | 42% | |
| CPI(ML) Liberation | 21% | |
| CPI(M) | 10% | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 10% | |
| Indian Inclusive Party | 10% |
Assembly Election History
(4 elections)Seats WonVote Share (%)
Loading chart…
| Year | Winner | Seats | Vote Share | Runner-up | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | NDA | 202 | — | — | — |
| 2020 | NDA | 125 | — | — | — |
| 2015 | RJD | 80 | — | — | — |
| 2010 | JD(U) | 115 | — | — | — |
Districts & Administration
(43 districts)District profiles (43 of 43)
- Patna
- Gaya
- Muzaffarpur
- Bhagalpur
- Darbhanga
- Purnia
- Saran
- Begusarai
- Nalanda
- Samastipur
- East Champaran
- West Champaran
- Madhubani
- Rohtas
- Siwan
- Katihar
- Munger
- Madhepura
- Saharsa
- Sitamarhi
- Bhojpur
- Vaishali
- Aurangabad
- Jehanabad
- Arwal
- Nawada
- Gopalganj
- Sheohar
- Supaul
- Kishanganj
- Buxar
- Jamui
- Khagaria
- Banka
- Kaimur
- Lakhisarai
- Sheikhpura
- Jhanjharpur
- Karakat Region
- Ujiarpur
- Valmiki Nagar
- Paschim Champaran Region
- Purvi Champaran Region
- Districts
- 38
- Patna
- Gaya
- Muzaffarpur
- Bhagalpur
- Darbhanga
- Purnia
- Saran
- Begusarai
- Nalanda
- Samastipur
- East Champaran
- West Champaran
- Madhubani
- Rohtas
- Siwan
- Katihar
- Munger
- Madhepura
- Saharsa
- Sitamarhi
- Bhojpur
- Vaishali
- Aurangabad
- Jehanabad
- Arwal
- Nawada
- Gopalganj
- Sheohar
- Supaul
- Kishanganj
- Buxar
- Jamui
- Khagaria
- Banka
- Kaimur
- Lakhisarai
- Sheikhpura
- Jhanjharpur
- Karakat Region
- Ujiarpur
- Valmiki Nagar
- Paschim Champaran Region
- Purvi Champaran Region
Economy (2026-27 BE)
- GSDP
- ₹13,10,000 Cr
- GSDP growth
- 15%
- Major industries
- Agriculture, Food processing, Textiles, Leather, IT/ITeS, Tourism
Budget (FY 2026-27)
- Total expenditure
- ₹3,47,590 Cr
- Total receipts
- ₹3,08,478 Cr
- Fiscal deficit
- ₹39,112 Cr
- Fiscal deficit / GSDP
- 3%
Development Indicators
- Literacy
- 61.8%
Exam & Static GK
Bihar for competitive exams — 12 topics, 25 revision cards, and a self-marking practice set.
Quick Revision
9Capital
Patna
Area
94,163 km²
Population
10.41 Cr
Literacy
61.8%
Districts
38
State Code
BR
Lok Sabha
40
Rajya Sabha
16
Assembly
243
Firsts on Record
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Neighbouring States
3- Uttar Pradesh
- Jharkhand
- West Bengal
Major Rivers
8- Ganga
- Gandak
- Kosi
- Son
- Bagmati
- Mahananda
- Falgu
- Punpun
National Parks
- Valmiki National Park
Tiger Reserves
- Valmiki Tiger Reserve
Wildlife Sanctuaries
2- Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary
- Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
Biosphere Reserves
- None
Historical Places
5- Nalanda
- Bodh Gaya
- Rajgir
- Vaishali
- Vikramshila
Headline Figures
- Financial Year
- 2026-27 BE
Major Crops
8- Rice
- Wheat
- Maize
- Pulses
- Sugarcane
- Jute
- Oilseeds
- Makhana
Major Industries
6- Agriculture
- Food processing
- Textiles
- Leather
- IT/ITeS
- Tourism
Exam Notes
- Budget figures are copied from the base state file and should be re-verified before publication.
State Symbols
5- Animal
- Gaur
- Bird
- House Sparrow
- Flower
- Marigold
- Tree
- Peepal
- Song
- Mere Bihar
Revolts & Movements
2- Champaran Satyagraha
- Quit India Movement in Bihar
IITs
- IIT Patna
IIMs
- IIM Bodh Gaya
AIIMS
- AIIMS Patna
Expressways
- Ganga Expressway (Bihar connectivity projects)
Airports
4- Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport
- Gaya International Airport
- Darbhanga Airport
- Purnia Airport
City Nicknames
2- Patna“Pataliputra (historic name)”
- Bhagalpur“Silk City”
Largest, Longest, First
- Site associated with the origin of BuddhismBodh GayaGautama Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya.
One-Line Facts
5- Capital — Patna.
- Districts — 38.
- Formation/formation date recorded in the base data — 1912-03-22.
- State animal — Gaur.
- State bird — House Sparrow.
Latest Assembly Election
- Year
- 2025
Exam Facts
2- Bihar has 243 Assembly seats.
- Bihar has 40 Lok Sabha seats.
GK sources
- Government of Bihar Chief Minister Secretariat
- Bihar State Data Lab
- Bihar Legislative Assembly
- Election Commission of India
- PRS Legislative Research
- Census of India
Major Cities & Destinations
- PatnaCapital
Quick Links
Sources
- Government of Bihar Chief Minister Secretariat
- Bihar State Data Lab
- Bihar Legislative Assembly
- Election Commission of India
- PRS Legislative Research
- Census of India
Verified as of 2026-09-10
Compiled from public records.